"I just want everybody to understand and fully know that the United States of America stands behind Japan, it's great ally, 100 per cent," Trump said in a brief statement during a joint news conference with Abe. He did not elaborate.
His comments came after Abe denounced the North's missile launch - the first after Trump became the US President - at a hastily organised joint briefing at Mar-a-Lago in Florida.
"North Korea's most recent missile launch is absolutely intolerable," Abe told reporters. "North Korea must fully comply with the relevant UN Security Council resolutions."
The two leaders were talking to reporters after spending the day at a golf course and discussing US-Asia engagement.
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"During the summit meeting that I had with President Trump, he assured me that the US will always [be with] Japan 100 per cent, and to demonstrate his determination as well as commitment, he is here with me at this joint press conference," Abe, who spoke via a translator, said.
The North American Aerospace Defence Command determined the missile launch from the North did not pose a threat to North America, the statement said.
Earlier in the evening, Trump told reporters that he and Abe had a great time together. "We got to know each other very, very well."
Trump and Abe arrived at Mar-a-Lago Friday evening from Washington DC aboard Air Force One.
"They had great conversations on a wide range of subjects, and the President looks forward to further discussions with the Prime Minister...," the White House said.