The case has brought legal support and other aid from groups from California, where the couple lived until 2012, and has highlighted potential cultural misunderstandings in a Gulf nation unfamiliar with adoption.
Judge Abdullah al-Emady ordered Matthew and Grace Huang to remain in detention until at least their next hearing on November 6.
The prosecution alleges the couple denied food to their daughter Gloria, who was born in Ghana and adopted at age 4.
The couple says the girl had various medical problems and also erratic eating habits, including periods of binging and self-starvation. They say she was not allowed from her room at night because of bizarre behavior during eating sprees, including rummaging through garbage for food.
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Officials in Qatar also have raised questions about the adoption procedures, including payments to an adoption agency. This is likely because adoption is virtual unknown in traditional Gulf Arab societies, where extended families would provide care.
In addition, an investigative report by Qatari police raised questions about why the Huangs would adopt children who did not share their "hereditary traits" and raised concerns that the children were part of a human trafficking operation or were "bought" for organ harvesting, according to the family's website.
"We are innocent," he told reporters after today's hearing. "We are suffering. I hope to be reunited with my wife and children soon.