Three passengers died when Asiana Airlines Flight 214 clipped a seawall with its landing gear, skidded off the runway and burst into flames at the end of an otherwise routine flight from Seoul to San Francisco on July 6.
Asiana "violated federal law last July by failing to adhere to the assurances in its family-assistance plan following the crash," according to the US Department of Transportation, which said some families were not contacted for up to five days afterwards.
In a brief response, Asiana appeared to reject the basis of the penalty.
"Asiana provided extensive support to the passengers and their families following the accident and will continue to do so," the airline said in a one-line statement.
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US Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx said in a damning appraisal: "In the very rare event of a crash, airlines have a responsibility to provide their full support to help passengers and their families by following all the elements of their family-assistance plans.
One of the three victims had been pulled alive from the plane and placed near one wing. But the Chinese teenager was later run over and killed by a fire truck which did not spot her lying under a layer of fire retardant foam.
US prosecutors decided in October not to bring charges against the firefighter driving the truck.
Another 182 passengers and crew aboard the Boeing 777 were injured, in the first fatal commercial airline crash in the United States since 2009.
It added: "The only number generally available to the public that family members could call was Asiana's toll-free reservations line. Locating this phone number on Asiana's website required significant effort.