Air Force officials have said that the men were screened before entering the US and that there's no evidence they pose a threat. Homeland Security is coordinating with the US State Department in efforts to locate them, Air Force Lt Col Chris Karns said.
The men didn't report Monday to maintenance training with the 81st Fighter Squadron, according to officials at Moody Air Force base.
"Various terrorist organizations or groups or nefarious groups in their country would seek to inflict harm on them," he said.
"They're in the US because it's a safer environment to conduct training and by providing their name and image it potentially introduces unnecessary risk to them and their families."
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The program's goal is to train a total of 30 Afghan pilots and 90 Afghan maintenance personnel during a four-year period, Moody Air Force Base said in an August 2014 statement when the program was announced.
On September 20, 2014, three Afghan army officers disappeared from a Massachusetts military base while participating in a training exercise. Two days later, they were detained by Canadian border guards as they tried to enter Canada on the Rainbow Bridge in Niagara Falls, Ontario.
In Lowndes County, which includes areas near the south Georgia base, the sheriff's office has made its school resource officers aware of the search, Lowndes County sheriff's Lt Stryde Jones said.
"It's just a heightened alert, being more vigilant until they're located," Lowndes County sheriff's Lt Mike Adams said.