Louis Jordan, 37, who was reported missing on January 29, told family members he survived by catching fish with his hands and drinking rain water, according to the Coast Guard.
He was spotted drifting on his stricken sailboat -- a 35 foot vessel called Angel -- approximately 322 kilometers off the coast of North Carolina by the German-registered Houston Express tanker and taken aboard.
A US Coast Guard helicopter then hoisted him to safety back to a hospital in Norfolk, Virginia, a statement said.
In an audio clip released by the Coast Guard, the father asks the son how he is feeling.
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"I'm doing fine now," Louis Jordan says.
The son said he was not able to fix the boat and sail it back to South Carolina, from where he departed in January.
He said he worried every day that his parents were crying and believed he was dead.
"We were. I thought I lost you," the father says.
US media reports said the boat had capsized and Louis Jordan was found sitting on the upturned hull when he was plucked to safety.
"I knew he had a good seaworthy boat," Frank Jordan said. "I felt the boat was going to keep him alive, so I had all sorts of worries because he's not an experienced sailor."
Louis had left the relative safety of the marina where the boat was moored to "go out and catch some fish".
How his son ended up so far off course was unknown, Jordan said.
He said his son's "strong constitution" and religious belief had kept him alive.
"He told me on the phone that he was praying the whole time, so I believe that sustained him a great deal," he said.
In an audio recording broadcast on US media, the father thanked the skipper of the German vessel effusively for saving his son.
The captain was not named.