The proposal would allow people to make phone calls and surf the Internet on their phones, tablets and computers when aircraft are above 3,048 metres.
But bans would still be in place during takeoff and landing.
Federal Communications Commission Chairman Tom Wheeler said yesterday the agency had just circulated a proposal on allowing airlines to offer broadband services to passengers while in flight.
"Modern technologies can deliver mobile services in the air safely and reliably, and the time is right to review our outdated and restrictive rules," he said in a statement.
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That process could take as long as one year. At the end of it, the FCC would make a formal decision.
At the same time, the Federal Aviation Administration, which governs flight safety, would have to sign off on the equipment used and services offered.
The choice would still be up to individual airlines to offer broadband connectivity, an FCC official told AFP.
"I look forward to working closely with my colleagues, the FAA, and the airline industry on this review of new mobile opportunities for consumers," Wheeler said.
Passengers currently wanting to connect to the Internet during transit still have to use an airline's in-flight wifi service.