The massive legislation has already been approved by the House of Representatives, and while it is expected to pass the Senate, feuding senators on Friday were unable to get to final passage.
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell had expressed hope that a deal would be reached for a final vote yesterday on the bill funding nearly all federal operations through next September, the end of fiscal 2015.
But conservatives, furious that the legislation failed to roll back President Barack Obama's recent unilateral immigration action to shield millions from deportation, demanded an opportunity to amend the measure.
"Regrettably, a small group of Senate Republicans has determined that it is in their political interests to hold this legislation hostage," Reid told the chamber Saturday, specifically singling out and blaming Senator Ted Cruz of Texas for the delay.
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The conservative Cruz, widely accused by Democrats of causing last year's 16-day government shutdown, appeared in no hurry to ease passage of the spending bill Friday, giving a fiery floor speech attacking congressional leaders for their failure to stand up to Obama's immigration order.
"Before the United States Senate is a bill that does nothing, absolutely nothing to stop President Obama's illegal and unconstitutional amnesty," Cruz said.
DHS funding would last until February, allowing lawmakers in next year's Republican-controlled Congress to take another crack at limiting the immigration plan.
Otherwise the bill leaves Obama's executive order intact.
The House on Friday narrowly passed an extension until Wednesday, but amid the acrimony in the Senate no extension deal was finalized.