Israel's green light for the homes came days after a key report from the diplomatic Quartet -- the United States, European Union, United Nations and Russia -- warned that Israel's settlement expansion and confiscation of Palestinian land were eroding the possibility of a two-state peace settlement.
Completion of the homes would "be the latest step in what seems to be a systematic process of land seizures, settlement expansions and legalisations of outposts that is fundamentally undermining the prospects for a two-state solution," State Department spokesman John Kirby said yesterday.
Under new approval granted by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defence Minister Avigdor Lieberman, planning for 560 new Jewish homes in the large Maale Adumim settlement east of Jerusalem will be allowed to move forward.
The settlement, founded in 1975, already has a population of more than 37,000.
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The approval follows calls inside Israel for a harsh response to the latest spate of Palestinian attacks.
On Thursday, 13-year-old Israeli-American Hallel Yaffa Ariel was fatally stabbed in Kiryat Arba settlement on the outskirts of the flashpoint West Bank city of Hebron.
A day later, Sarah Tarayra, 27, was shot dead after drawing a knife on Israeli forces in Hebron. She was a relative of the Kiryat Arba attacker.
The Quartet report also called on Palestinians to halt attacks and incitement to violence.
Peace talks have been at a complete standstill since a US-led initiative collapsed in April 2014.