The soldier turned the gun on herself at the Combined Arms Support Command Headquarters at Fort Lee, about 130 miles (200 kilometers) south of the US capital in Washington, the army said in a statement.
"Early reports indicate the soldier turned the weapon on herself and fired one shot, injuring herself," the statement said.
After a series of deadly shooting rampages at military bases, US authorities have taken extra security precautions and issue lockdown alerts at the first sign of potential danger.
The injured soldier was taken to Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center and officials issued no details on her condition.
The incident was under criminal investigation and the circumstances behind the shooting remained unclear.