The probe is being started to determine whether imports of PTFE resin from China and India "are being dumped in the US, and a countervailing duty investigation to determine whether producers of PTFE resin in India are receiving alleged unfair subsidies," the department said in a statement.
The PTFE is mostly used as a non-stick coating for utensils.
The department has stated that the estimated dumping margins alleged by the petitioner range from 23.4 per cent- 408.9 per cent for China and 15.8 per cent to 128.1 per cent for India.
On the other hand, it said, in the countervailing investigation, it will determine whether Indian producers of PTFE resin are receiving unfair government subsidies.
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If the department establishes that the products are being dumped, they can impose duties on those imports.
"In 2016, imports of PTFE resin from China and India were valued at an estimated USD 24.6 million and USD 14.3 million, respectively," it added.
Countries initiate anti-dumping probes to determine if the domestic industry has been hurt by a surge in below-cost imports. As a counter-measure, they impose duties under the multilateral WTO regime.