Monsignor Diego Padron, the president of the conference of bishops, denounced the abuse of force, torture of detained protesters, and the persecution of opposition mayors and lawmakers.
"The government is mistaken in wanting to resolve the crisis by force. Repression is not the way to go," he said.
The protests were caused, he said, by "the attempt by the official party and the authorities of the Republic to install the so-called Plan of the Fatherland, behind which hides the imposition of a totalitarian government."
Padron expressed support for Vatican mediation in a future "sincere dialogue," and the government also has indicated it would be willing to engage in such talks.
But Caracas Archbishop Jorge Urosa Savino said the Vatican has not received official notice from the government inviting it to take part in a dialogue.
Speaking at a news conference, Padron expressed regret over the country's deepening polarisation.