Judicial inspector general Marielys Valdez spoke out Wednesday after protesters hurled jars of feces dubbed "Poopootov cocktails" during the latest in weeks of clashes in Caracas.
"That is a biochemical weapon... The use of biochemical weapons is fully classified as a crime and incurs strong penalties," she said on state television channel VTV.
"The use of chemical weapons, in this case human and animal feces, has consequences... It can get into the water and cause terrible contamination" and disease, she added.
Protesters blame elected President Nicolas Maduro for an economic crisis that has caused food shortages.
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They are demanding early elections, accusing him of repressing protesters and trying to install a dictatorship.
Maduro, who blames the crisis on what he calls a US- backed plot, brands the protesters "terrorists."
Scores of people arrested in protests in recent days have been brought before military courts, human rights groups say.
The state prosecution service said today that under the constitution, civilians detained in protests should be tried by civil and not military courts.