On a welcome dry afternoon at Spa Francorchamps in the Belgian Ardennes, the 26-year-old German took the lead from pole-man Lewis Hamilton on the opening lap and then pulled clear to claim his fifth win of the year and the 31st of his career, pulling him level with Briton Nigel Mansell.
The defending triple world champion came home a comfortable 16.869 seconds ahead of second-placed Spaniard Fernando Alonso of Ferrari with Hamilton third for Mercedes.
Vettel was delighted.
"It was a fantastic race for us from start to finish. It was very good tactics and it helped to get past Lewis on the first lap. We were a bit afraid of the rain coming but it was a great race.
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"I feel good, winning helps, the car was much better going into the race so we had the pace to control it. The guys on the pit wall were not as stressed and in terms of rain there was nothing critical," he said.
"We had to recover some places -- we were not OK yesterday. But today it was a little bit boring, we get second place, but no threat to Sebastian and had no threat from behind.
"This has been an important weekend for us and the team and we arrived full motivated -- and in Monza (the next race in a fortnight) we would like to give some smiles to our fans."
Hamilton praised his team.
"We had a tough race, but the team did a great job.