Nguyen Duc Kien, 50, was found guilty of fraud, tax evasion, illegal trade and "deliberate wrongdoing causing serious consequences", according to the verdict read at the Hanoi People's Court.
"The accused was not honest and so must be given serious punishment in line with his crime," court president Nguyen Huu Chinh said at the end of the two-week trial today.
Kien, who denied the charges against him, was given 30 years in jail and handed a USD 3.5 million fine.
The other defendants were given sentences of between two and eight years. The most senior of the other defendants, the former director of ACB, Ly Xuan Hai, was given eight years.
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According to the verdict, Kien -- a shareholder in some of Vietnam's largest financial institutions and a founder of ACB -- and his accomplices caused losses of USD 67 million through illegal cross-bank deposits and investments.
Most of the cash vanished when Kien ordered his staff to make deposits at the Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade (Vietinbank).
Prosecutors also accused Kien of forging documents to defraud the top steel firm Hoa Phat Group of USD 12.5 million.
The banker rose to public prominence as a vocal critic of corruption in Vietnamese football, using his role as chairman of Hanoi Football Club to sound off against Vietnam's Football Federation.
When Kien was arrested in August 2012 it sent "shockwaves across the country", state media reported at the time, and caused ACB's share price to plunge.
Experts interpreted the arrest of the high-profile banker as part of bitter infighting within the ruling Communist Party.