While the communist country routinely jails critics of its regime, 62-year-old Pham Minh Hoang is the first Vietnam- based dissident to have his citizenship revoked in recent history.
Hoang's wife, Le Thi Kieu Oanh, told AFP police came to their house in Ho Chi Minh city on Friday and took her husband away.
The officers told Oanh he would be deported on Saturday, she said.
"I am very sad... Because (authorities) announced to me the Vietnamese government will deport my husband," she told AFP.
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He was convicted in 2011 of "attempted subversion" for penning a series of articles that Vietnamese prosecutors said were aimed at overthrowing the government.
He was released from jail after 17 months to serve a three-year term under house arrest and has continued to post criticism of the government on social media.
Vietnam's Ministry of Foreign Affairs defended the move to revoke Hoang's citizenship last week, saying he had "violated the laws many times and seriously violated the national security", without elaborating.
Hoang told AFP this month that his French passport had expired and that he needed to stay in Vietnam to care for his disabled brother and elderly mother-in-law.
His wife said today she would remain in the country to care for the relatives.
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