The two plants in central Ninh Thuan province had a combined capacity of 4,000 megawatts and were to be developed with assistance from Russia's Rosatom and the Japanese consortium JINED.
The cost of the nuclear power plants, slated to be the first in Southeast Asia, doubled since they were first tabled in 2009 to an estimated USD 18 billion, officials said earlier.
The government said costs mushroomed as they sought more advanced technology following Japan's deadly Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011.
Vietnam is currently grappling with a mounting budget deficit and has said it is likely to fall short of its ambitious growth target of 6.7 percent this year.
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The government said it would spend money on other infrastructure projects instead and address climate change issues.
Though nuclear power does not produce harmful carbon emissions, environmentalists have raised concerns about nuclear waste storage.
Rapidly industrialising Vietnam, with its population of 93 million, has faced power shortages in recent years, turning to neighbouring countries like Laos to boost its energy reserves.
"The project suspension will not undermine the country's power supply security," it said.
The communist country relies mostly on coal and hydropower, but has said it wants to increase renewable energy production in the next 15 years.
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