Deciding to bat in the historic 500th Test under overcast conditions, Indian batsmen looked comfortable even as New Zealand put all three spinners at work.
In-form Rahul, looked fluent during his 32 off 39 balls, before he was caught behind off a faster delivery from left-arm spinner Mitchell Santner delivery.
Other opener Vijay (39 off 88) worked the ball around to keep the scoreboard ticking and giving him company at the break was Pujara (34 off 58), who carried on with his good form in the Duleep Trophy.
Vijay was patient in his approach and helped himself with four shots to the fence while Pujara was swift and scored at a decent pace, hitting five boundaries in the process.
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Earlier, Rahul made a cracking start, hitting two crisp boundaries off left-arm seamer Trent Boult in the very first over of the match.
Neil Wagner kept banging it short to test the Indian openers while Boult preferred fullish length. Rahul was confident and comfortable at the crease and never looked like being troubled by either of the two fast bowlers.
It was a little quicker off the pitch, Rahul's unsure forward defensive prod resulted in an edge and wicketkeeper BJ Watling took a smart catch.
Encouraged by the success of a spinner early in the innings, Williamson brought in off-break bowler Mark Craig.
Pujara, coming into the match on the back of a first-class double century, looked confident while stroking on both sides of the wicket and used his feet well to work the ball around.
Craig, a few times bowled from wide off the crease, but the Indians were hardly troubled.
India chose to field only two spinners - R Ashwin and Ravindra Jadeja - and two paceman - Umesh Yadav and Mohammed Shami - going in seven batsmen.