The Goan batting faltered for the second time in the match, folding up for just 151 after making 239 in their first essay.
Vidarbha amassed 427 for three in the only time they batted in the game with hundreds from veteran Wasim Jaffer and Ganesh Satish.
The lead Group D with four wins and a draw from five matches while Goa are at the bottom of the standings.
After resuming the day at 19 for two, only Snehal Kauthankar put up some resistance against the Vidarbha attack, scoring a gritty 56 in a losing cause.
Brief scores: Goa 239 and 151 (Kauthankar 56; Wakhare 5/54) in 53.3 overs. Vidarbha 427/3 decl.
Result: Vidarbha won by an innings and 37 runs.