Penner, 45, who was appointed vice chairman a year ago at the world's biggest retailer, previously was an executive for Walmart in Japan and at Walmart.Com, where he worked on strategy and finance. He has been at the investment firm Madrone Capital Partners since 2005.
Walton, 70, will continue to serve on the board. He has been chairman since 1992, when he assumed the post from his father, Walmart founder Sam Walton.
Penner "brings an ideal blend of finance, technology and international business expertise-as well as a deep knowledge and love of Walmart-to this role," Walton said.