Chawla had last month resigned from Future Consumer, a part of Kishore Biyani-led Future Group, where he was the CEO.
In his new role at the retail giant, he will lead Merchandising, Marketing, and Omni Channel functions for Walmart India's Cash and Carry business, the company said in a statement.
Commenting on the appointment, Walmart India President and CEO Krish Iyer said: "With this appointment, we are well positioned to better serve our customers while strengthening our overall business."