Fatou Bensouda told the UN Security Council that the violence in Libya had worsened over the past six months with the country now split between two governments and two parliaments vying for control.
"There are, indeed, indications that crimes that fall within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court are being committed," Bensouda told the council.
The chief prosecutor described as "worrisome" an ongoing spate of assassinations in Benghazi, Libya's second city, threats to journalists, human rights activists and women in particular as well as to prosecutors, judges and lawyers.
Fighting between rival militias has flared since the 2011 overthrow of dictator Moamer Kadhafi.
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Islamist militants seized the capital Tripoli in August, forcing the internationally-recognized government and parliament to move to the east.
The prosecutor reiterated a demand for the Libyan government to hand over Kadhafi's son, Saif al-Islam, for prosecution by the ICC in the Hague and said she may review the decision to allow the trial in Libya of Khadafi's intelligence chief Abdullah al-Senussi.
Human Rights Watch said it had documented attacks on civilians by armed militias that may amount to war crimes, politically-motivated assassinations and cases of torture, forced displacement and arbitrary detentions that could amount to crimes against humanity.
The rights group is asking the UN Human Rights Council to set up a commission of inquiry to investigate violations by all sides.