Hosts Windies will defend the title they won with an eight-wicket victory over Australia in Kolkata in 2016.
Stafanie Taylor, who was named as captain of the ICC Womens T20I Team of the Year 2017, won the player of the series award in India and is expected to once again lead the Windies in front of a passionate home crowd.
The three venues were selected by Cricket West Indies through a bidding process and have been ratified by the ICC.
ICC Chief Executive David Richardson said: "Windies women are the reigning champions and Ive no doubt theyll be looking to defend their title on home soil.
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"We are keen to build on the momentum from this summers Womens World Cup and Im sure the players can rely on a warm welcome from the legendary cricket fans in the West Indies and were all in for a great experience in the Caribbean," he said.
The hosts will be joined by Australia, world champions England, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, South Africa and Sri Lanka who have all achieved qualification.
The remaining two spots will be taken by Bangladesh, Holland, Ireland, Papua New Guinea, Scotland, Thailand, Uganda or United Arab Emirates, all of whom will compete in the ICC Womens World Twenty20 Qualifier in the Netherlands from 3-14 July.
The Caribbean hosted the World Cup in 2007 and then staged the World T20 in 2010 when the league matches of the womens tournament were played in St Kitts, while St Lucia hosted the two semi-finals.
The final in Barbados was played after the mens final and was won by Australia when they beat New Zealand by three runs.