Speaking on the sidelines of a seminar in Florence, Ahmed al-Tayeb, the grand imam of Al-Azhar in Cairo, strongly criticised Western powers and particularly the United States.
Describing himself as "an ordinary citizen" as the Sunni Muslim seat of learning has no political role, the imam said: "The emergence of Daesh (an Arabic term for IS) in such a spontaneous manner leads us to ask what are the deep causes.
"IS developed so quickly and that required enormous amounts of capital. Where did these enormous sums of money come from. The man in the street says the West is not serious about taking on Daesh."
In support of this theory, Tayeb cited three parachute drops of arms which ended up in the arms of IS fighters.
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"They said it was a mistake," he said, while sidestepping a question about the role of some Arab states, notably in the Gulf, in the development and financing of IS.
"The world order wants chaos, it seems it has the intention of fragmenting our region and IS is a very effective instrument. The IS performs a function for the great powers who do not want to see this region develop alongside Israel.
The imam said he would be happy to meet the pope but played down the importance of such an encounter. "If everything was in the hands of the pope or other religious leaders the thing could be resolved very quickly.
Asked about death sentences issued to members of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt, Tayeb declined to offer any criticism of the military-backed government.
"I see that Egypt has overcome the problem. It is a stable country with a fundamental law under which a president was elected, and that was a democratic choice, completely democratic.
"Egypt is convalescing but we are are seeing an influx of investors who are returning," he said.