In his congratulatory message, Xi voiced his wish that under Rousseff's leadership, who was re-elected to a second term yesterday, the Brazilian people will keep making new, greater achievements in building their country.
Brazil is part of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa).
Xi recalled his state visit to Brazil in July, where he also attended the sixth summit of the emerging-market bloc of BRICS and a conference with Latin American and Caribbean leaders.
"We unanimously decided to deepen the mutually beneficial and friendly cooperation between China and Brazil in various fields, and to jointly promote development of the world order toward a more impartial and more rational direction," he said.
More From This Section
"I attach great importance to developing China-Brazil relations, and am willing to make concerted efforts with you to strive for sustained and rapid development of the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Brazil," he added.
A former leftist guerrilla, Rousseff was jailed and tortured for fighting the 1964-1985 dictatorship.