"The woman was arrested and has been remanded for two weeks while an investigation is underway," Nicolette Stoel, spokeswoman for the Public Prosecutor's office in The Hague, told AFP.
There is growing concern in the Netherlands about young Dutch Muslims being enlisted to fight in Syria, with a British study in April saying at least 107 Dutch citizens were fighting President Bashar al-Assad's forces in the war-torn country.
Police arrested the woman in Zoetermeer, a small city just east of The Hague, on Wednesday after families filed complaints with the authorities that their relatives had gone to fight in Syria.
The young woman will remain behind bars for a fortnight before a judge must decide whether the case against her can go ahead.
More From This Section
"At this stage she is only allowed contact with her lawyer," Stoel said.
"In the meantime, a broader investigation into the recruitment by radical Muslims of young people to fight in Syria is underway. First and foremost we have to ensure their safety as they want to travel to a dangerous area," she added.
Public prosecutors have said that while authorities cannot stop would-be jihadists from leaving the country, they can combat recruitment, which is against the law and carries a sentence of up to four years in jail or a fine of 78,000 euros (USD 102,000).
Amsterdam-based lawyer Bart Nooitgedagt, who represents other Dutch citizens accused of allegedly recruiting jihadists to fight in Syria, told AFP that such cases are difficult to prove.
"You have to have somebody who has returned from Syria saying: 'I have been recruited.' There must be objective evidence to support such a claim, like tapped telephone conversations or emails to prove that the person was recruited," he told AFP.
"Relatives simply filing complaints is not enough," he said.
Nooitgedagt said that as far as he could recall, there have been no successful prosecutions yet for jihadist recruitment in the Netherlands.