ALS patients experience neuroinflammation and rapid neurodegeneration leading to steady loss of the ability to move, speak, eat and eventually breathe. ALS results in loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord which controls voluntary muscle movement. ALS affects approximately 31,000 people in the U.S.A and on an average 5,000 new patients are diagnosed every year with this disease in USA as per statistics from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). More than 30,000 people are estimated to be living with ALS in Europe (European Union and United Kingdom), while India has an estimated 75,000 people living with ALS. People living with ALS have a median survival of approximately two years from diagnosis.
The Phase II clinical trial has recruited 24 ALS patients across 7 clinical trial sites in India and will study safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Usnoflast. The change from baseline in the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) score will be measured at week 4, week 8 and week 12, as the trial's primary endpoint is the placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind Phase 2 clinical trial. The trial will also evaluate Key Secondary Endpoints including Slow Vital Capacity (SVC), a predictor of functional loss in ALS and neurofilament levels at week 4 and week 12.
Usnoflast (ZYIL1) is a novel, oral small molecule NLRP3 inhibitor. Studies have demonstrated that ZYIL1 is highly potent in human whole blood assay and can suppress inflammation caused by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Usnoflast was found distributed in the brain and CSF of various nonclinical species including mice, rats and non-human primates. The efficacy of Usnoflast has been established in several validated pre-clinical models of neuroinflammation, Parkinson's disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
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