Immunotherapy for lung cancer patients improves long-term survival: Study

The cancer immunotherapy atezolizumab significantly increased the overall survival of patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer who were unable to receive platinum-containing chemotherapy when compared to single-agent chemotherapy, according to a global study conducted by UCL and UCLH and funded by Roche.

For non-small cell lung cancer patients who are ineligible for standard of care platinum-based chemotherapy due to worries about their capacity to survive the treatment, the trial results, which were published in The Lancet, are welcome news.

Lung cancer is the most frequent type of cancer that results in mortality globally, with about 2.2 million new cases and 1.8 million fatalities per year. The majority of patients present with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

For the fittest patients with advanced stage NSCLC, first-line immunotherapy with or without platinum-based doublet chemotherapy (PDC) is now established as the standard of care treatment. This follows several randomised trials that were limited to 'fit' participants with a median age of 65 or younger and were able to tolerate PDC.

However, more than 40% of advanced stage NSCLC patients are in poor health and are often elderly with significant medical co-morbidities. Treatment with standard PDC is not suitable for many of these patients because of poor tolerance or toxicity concerns, leaving them with limited treatment options. They are frequently treated with less effective single-agent chemotherapy or offered the best supportive care.

Currently, most treatment guidelines do not recommend immunotherapy treatment due to lack of randomised results to indicate that it is safe, well tolerated and increases overall survival3 for this poor prognosis population.

Sponsored by Roche, this is the first reported randomised phase III trial of first-line immunotherapy treatment with atezolizumab (also known as Tecentriq) in an advanced NSCLC population deemed unfit for standard platinum-chemotherapy4. The trial sought to establish the efficacy, safety and overall survival rate of first-line immunotherapy treatment with atezolizumab compared with single-agent chemotherapy in advanced stage NSCLC patients. Patients were randomised 2:1, with 302 patients receiving atezolizumab and 151 receiving single-agent chemotherapy.

The study showed that atezolizumab significantly improved overall survival and resulted in a clinically meaningful long-term survival benefit, with twice as many patients (24%) who were treated with atezolizumab remaining alive at two years compared to those treated with chemotherapy (12%), despite over 50% of chemotherapy patients who were still alive at two years receiving subsequent immunotherapy.

Professor Siow Ming Lee (UCL Cancer Institute and UCL Hospitals), who chaired the study Steering Committee and conceptualised the study design, said: "For over two decades, clinical trials have failed to provide significant therapeutic benefits to older NSCLC patients with poor health who are unfit for standard platinum doublet chemotherapy. IPSOS is the first randomised trial to show that immunotherapy treatment with first-line atezolizumab treatment significantly improves overall survival compared to single-agent chemotherapy for these poor prognosis patients, with twice as many remaining alive at two years. The treatment also resulted in stabilised or improved health-related quality of life measures, and no new safety concerns were identified.