Atletico Madrid coach Diego Simeone ran down the touchline in joy while Barcelona players sunk to the turf in dismay.
Super sub Alexander Srloth struck again deep in stoppage time to hand Atletico a 2-1 comeback win at Barcelona and ensure Atletico will spend La Liga's short winter break on top of the table.
Atletico's 12th straight win in all competitions lifted it three points above Barcelona.
Barcelona has only two wins in its last nine games and could find itself third on Sunday if Real Madrid beats Sevilla.
Simeone, coaching Atletico since 2011, celebrated winning at Barcelona for the first time.
We finally did it," Atletico goalkeeper Jan Oblak said. We are playing well, we started poorly but we knew our chances would come. And in the last minute Srloth came through. Thanks to him we finally won here. He is the striker we needed.
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It was a much more impressive performance from Barcelona, which dominated for long periods and took a deserved lead in the 30th minute.
Pedri started and ended the move, playing a one-two with Gavi, and firing an angled shot into the bottom right corner.
Raphinha almost doubled Barcelona's lead in stunning fashion in the 57th when he lobbed the goalkeeper but the ball came off the crossbar. Robert Lewandowski got to the rebound but sent it onto the head of Axel Witsel, who needed treatment.
Barcelona was made to rue its missed opportunities when Atletico levelled just three minutes later, partly thanks to a defensive blunder.
Barcelona midfielder Marc Casad tried to clear Julin lvarez's cross but passed it straight to Rodrigo De Paul, who fired into the bottom right corner. Casad put his hands to his head and dropped to his knees in dismay.
Worse was to come for Barcelona as, in the sixth minute of stoppage time, Nahuel Molina made a fantastic run to latch onto a through ball and cross in for Srloth to fire into the back of the net.
It was Srloth's eighth goal of the season, five of them after he's come off the bench.
BILBAO'S UNBEATEN RUN Athletic Bilbao came from behind to beat Osasuna 2-1 and extend its unbeaten run to 14 matches and remain just five points behind Atletico.
Gorka Guruzeta and Alex Berenguer sealed the comeback win for fourth-placed Bilbao after Lucas Torro gave Osasuna a 25th-minute lead at El Sadar.
Guruzeta headed Bilbao level in the 31st and Berenguer struck the winner in the 74th.
Mallorca won at Getafe 1-0 and moved up to fifth.
Cyle Larin's 53rd-minute penalty settled the game at Estadio Coliseum to move Mallorca to within 11 points of the top.
The Canada international scored for the third time in his last two games after being brought down in the area by Juan Berrocal. From the spot, Larin fired low and left to beat Getafe goalkeeper David Soria.
Mallorca has back-to-back wins following last week's 2-1 victory against Girona.
Also, Pablo Duran scored twice in the first half to secure a 2-0 win for Celta Vigo against Real Sociedad.
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