 "G7 leaders tackle migration, AI, economic security on final day of summit")
The Group of Seven leading industrialised nations turned their attention to migration, artificial intelligence, economic security and the Indo-Pacific region on Friday, the second and final day of their summit in Italy. The G7 leaders stressed their determination to meet global challenges at a crucial moment in history.
The gathering in a luxury resort in Italy's southern Puglia region also discussed other major topics, such as financial support for Ukraine, the war in Gaza, climate change, Iran, the situation in the Red Sea, gender equality as well as China's industrial policy and economic security.
We are working together and with others to address the pressing challenges of our time, the G7 leaders said in a final communique, noting their solidarity with Ukraine, support for a deal that would lead to an immediate cease-fire and release of hostages in Gaza, investment in sustainable infrastructure in Africa and commitments to address climate change and migration.
Divisions did emerge during the summit, however, notably over the lack of a reference to abortion in the summit's final declaration.
Migration was the first topic of discussions Friday, with the leaders mulling ways to combat trafficking and increase investment in countries from where migrants start out on often life-threatening journeys.
The topic is of particular interest to summit host Italy, which lies on one of the major routes into the European Union for people fleeing war and poverty in Africa, the Middle East and Asia.
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Right-wing Italian Premier Giorgia Meloni, known for her hard-line stance on migration, has been eager to increase investment and funding for African nations as a means of reducing migratory pressure on Europe.
The leaders launched the G7 Coalition to prevent and counter the smuggling of migrants, the summit's final declaration said, noting the seven nations would focus on the root causes of irregular migration, efforts to enhance border management and curb transnational organised crime, and safe and regular pathways for migration.
British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said he and Meloni - who he described as fantastic - saw eye to eye on migration.
We can't have criminal gangs decide who comes to our countries," Sunak said at a news conference Friday evening.
Meloni has a controversial five-year deal with neighbouring Albania for the Balkan country to host thousands of asylum-seekers while Italy processes their claims. She has also spearheaded the Mattei Plan for Africa, a continent-wide strategy to increase economic opportunities at home and so discourage migration to Europe.
For its part, Britain has a deal with Rwanda to deport some asylum seekers to the African country, although no flights have yet taken off. Human rights organisations have blasted the agreement as unethical and unworkable.
The United States has also been struggling with a growing number of migrants at its southern border. President Joe Biden introduced new policies to curb migration after a bill he tried to get through Congress failed to pass.
However, immigrant rights advocates have filed lawsuits over the new policies, and it is unclear whether they will be able to withstand the legal challenges.
Apart from the G7 nations of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the US, the Italian hosts also invited several African leaders Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, Kenyan President William Ruto and Tunisian President Kais Saied to press Meloni's migration and development initiatives.
But rights groups decried what they said was a lack of ambition in support for developing countries.
The ONE Campaign, which advocates for investment in Africa, said it had found the G7 and EU institutions' share of aid going to Africa was at its lowest point since 1973.
Without any concrete action, the G7 in Italy amounts to no more than pointless platitudes, said David McNair, executive director at The ONE Campaign. Although the summit's final statement reflects promises of increased partnership between the G7 and Africa, there are very few specifics on what new financing, if any, will be available.
Pope Francis also became the first pontiff to address a G7 summit, delivering a speech on artificial intelligence. Other invitees include Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Brazilian President Luiz Incio Lula da Silva, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
The summit opened Thursday with a strong show of support for Kyiv: an agreement on a US proposal to back a USD 50 billion loan to Ukraine using frozen Russian assets as collateral.
Russian President Vladimir Putin denounced the freezing of Russian assets as theft and vowed it will not go unpunished.
Biden also signed a bilateral security agreement with Zelenskyy, aiming to send a signal to Russia of American resolve in supporting Kyiv.
But some cracks appeared among the G7 leaders, notably French President Emmanuel Macron deploring a lack of a reference to abortion in the summit's final document.
The statement after last year's summit in Hiroshima, Japan, expressed a commitment to provide access to safe and legal abortion to women and girls, and pledged to defend gender equality and the rights of members of the LGBTQ+ community.
The word abortion was absent from this year's final communique, although it included a reference to promoting sexual and reproductive health rights.
It was not possible to reach agreement on these things in the room, a senior EU official said, speaking on condition of anonymity to reveal details of the private discussions.
Asked on Thursday about reports that abortion would not be included in the final text, Macron said it was something he regretted. France has included women's right to abortion, the freedom of decision on one's own body, into its Constitution, he said, adding that France defends this vision of equality between women and men.
It's not a vision that's shared across all the political spectrum, Macron said, replying to a question from a reporter.
Meloni, who campaigned on a God, Family, Fatherland motto, has denied she is rolling back rights to abortions, which have been legal in Italy since 1978. But the centre-left opposition has warned that her initiatives are chipping away at those rights, including by giving pro-life groups access to women considering abortions.