It is simplistic to frame the communications blockade in Kashmir as a battle between Hinduism and Islam, or even Hindutva and Islamism. India does have a majoritarian government with little respect for democratic institutions, and it ought to be held accountable for human rights violations. However, the erstwhile state of Jammu & Kashmir has a beleaguered history that extends far beyond the present dispensation in Delhi. The reorganisation of this state into two Union Territories — Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh — must be understood in relation to what has transpired in this region in the past, and India’s aspirations