A sweeping government study of thousands of women has found links between the older antidepressants Prozac and Paxil and birth defects, but has cleared other popular treatments in the class, including Celexa, Lexapro and Pfizer's Zoloft, which is the subject of a major lawsuit over birth defect claims.
Earlier studies had raised questions about antidepressants in a class of drugs known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors or SSRIs, prompting the US Food and Drug Administration in 2005 to issue a safety warning about use of the treatments during pregnancy. In the current study, published on Wednesday in the British Medical Journal, researchers at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wanted to see if the birth defect risk affected the entire class of drugs, or only select treatments.
For the study, the researchers asked nearly 28,000 women if they took Celexa, Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil or Zoloft any time from one month before conception through the third month of pregnancy and analysed which women bore children with birth defects.
They found that many popular antidepressants - Celexa, Lexapro or Zoloft - are not associated with birth defects. Only two in the study, Prozac, sold generically as paroxetine, and Paxil, sold generically as fluoxetine, were implicated.
In women who took those two drugs early in pregnancy, birth defects occurred two to 3.5 more frequently compared with women who did not take them.
Prozac use was associated with a birth defect in which a baby's skull is misshapen. Paxil use was associated with a defect in which a baby's intestines protrude outside the body and with anencephaly, in which a baby is missing parts of the brain and skull, the study found. Both Paxil and Prozac were linked to a heart defect. The authors noted that the risks appeared to be small. For example, in women who took paroxetine early in pregnancy, the risk for anencephaly rose from two cases per 10,000 to seven per 10,000. The analysis was only able to show links between the drugs and birth defects, but could not prove that the drugs caused the deformities.
The authors called the findings about Zoloft "reassuring" because the drug was used by some 40 percent of the women in the study who said they had used an antidepressant in early pregnancy.
