Greece accepted an unprecedented bailout from the European Union and International Monetary Fund valued at more than ¤100 billion ($133 billion) to prevent default, agreeing to budget cuts that unions called “savage.”
The measures are worth 30 billion euros, or 13 per cent of gross domestic product, and include wage cuts and a freeze on pensions for three years, Finance Minister George Papaconstantinou said in Athens today. Sales tax will rise 10 per cent. The exact bailout amount will be announced later, he said. Euro-region finance ministers meet at 4 pm in Brussels to ratify the pact.
“Greece will be shielded from the international markets and will be able to put its house in order,” Papaconstantinou said in Athens before heading to the EU capital. Prime Minister George Papandreou said “avoiding bankruptcy is a national red line” and the agreement will demand “big sacrifices” from Greeks to avoid “catastrophe.”
Policy makers are trying to prevent a Greek default as its fiscal crisis shows signs of spreading through the euro region. The agreement, following 10 days of talks and protests, comes after a surge in Greek borrowing costs left the government struggling to finance its debt and investors speculating that Portugal and Spain could also suffer their fate.
The bailout plan will give Greece time to fix its budget before returning to the market, which it wants to do “as soon as possible,” Papaconstantinou said.
“We want to implement our plan without the daily attacks of markets on Greek bonds,” he said. Other measures include abolishing the 13th and 14th wage payments that civil servants get annually for workers earning more than ¤3,000 per month, he said. Payments for those earning less than that will be capped at ¤1,000, he said.
About two-thirds of the funds will come from Greece’s 15 euro area partners, which must still sign off on the disbursement by a unanimous decision. The European Commission said today it approves Greece’s request for aid. The International Monetary Fund will provide the rest of the funds.
The financial lifeline lasts three years and will force Greece to cut its budget deficit below the EU’s limit of 3 per cent of gross domestic product by the end of 2014. That’s one year later than originally planned. The shortfall was 13.6 per cent in 2009.
The scale of the budget cuts has prompted some economists to speculate that Greece will eventually have to restructure its debt because the strains placed on the economy will be too great.
“There is a very real possibility that at the end of two or three years, Greece will still have an unsustainable debt and will have to restructure because it will have a deep, deep recession in the meantime,” said Barry Eichengreen, economics professor at the University of California, Berkeley.
“We find ourselves before the most savage, unprovoked and unjust attack,” Spyros Papaspyros, head of the ADEDY civil servants union, said last week after seeing an outline of the cuts.
At stake is the future of the euro 11 years after its creators left fiscal policy in national capitals. As the Greek talks dragged on this past week, bonds dropped across Europe on investors’ concern that Portugal and Spain will also struggle to cut their deficits.
The extra yield that investors demand to hold Portuguese debt over German bunds surged to 298 basis points on April 28, the most since at least 1997. The Greek premium touched 827 points. The spread on Spain climbed to the highest since March 2009. Standard & Poor’s followed its decision to cut Greece’s credit rating to junk on April 27 was followed by downgrades on Portugal and Spain.
“After the immediate relief, however, the focus will be squarely on implementation risk in Greece and I believe Portugal, and probably Spain, will need to put on the table a stronger fiscal effort to avoid coming under renewed pressure in the coming weeks and months,” said Marco Annunziata, chief economist at UniCredit Group in London.
