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The move is part of a major overhaul of the financial system that aims to deepen bond markets by increasing the participation of retail investors and improve the transmission of monetary policy, the sources told Reuters.
"The objective is to push financial sector reforms," said one of the sources, who declined to be identified because he was not authorised to speak to the media.
"You need a bond market that is well functioning where retail and corporate investors can participate."
Changes proposed by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley in his budget last month triggered speculation that the government was also looking to transfer money market regulation from the RBI to the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), India's stock market regulator.
However, the sources said the government's plan is to only take the regulation of government bonds from the central bank.
"The RBI will continue to regulate all other monetary instruments," another source said.
The sources said the central bank opposes the proposed overhaul, which will diminish its powers and leave it primarily as a body that sets interest rates and regulates the banking sector.
