 "Outside RBI Headquarters in Mumbai.? Photo: Kamlesh Pednekar")
At a time when public sector banks (PSBs) have been struggling with a low capital base, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has allowed banks to beef up its capital adequacy by including certain items such as property value, foreign exchange for calculation of its Tier-I capital.
The new norms revealed by the regulator suggest that banks can now include the value of the property while calculating its Tier-I or core capital base. But not the entire value of the property would be included; instead only 45 per cent of the property value would be counted.
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However, this comes with caveats. For instance, the regulator has stated that the property value would be counted only if the bank is able to sell the property readily at its own will and there is no legal impediment in selling the property. Apart from this it also mandates that the valuation should be obtained from two independent valuers, at least once in every three years.
Analysts with a credit rating agency said considering revalued assets (real estate) as part of common equity may only serve the purpose of regulatory capital requirement. That hardly improves the credit profile of banks. The asset has to be ready (available) to absorb loss in times of need.
Foreign exchange, another item that was not included while calculating the capital base, can also be included. “Foreign currency translation reserves arising due to translation of financial statements of a bank’s foreign operations to the reporting currency may be considered as CET1 (common equity tier-1) capital. These will be reckoned at a discount of 25 per cent,” said the regulator.
Apart from these two, gains arising out of setting off the losses at a later date can also be counted as Tier-1 capital, up to 10 per cent. This will be a breather for the lenders, especially PSBs, which have been grappling with the issue of mounting bad loans and depleting capital base.
According to RBI sources, this move would help in unlocking Rs 30,000-35,000 crore of capital for PSBs and up to Rs 5,000 crore for private banks.
The government estimates that state-run lenders would require Rs 1.8 lakh crore over the next four years. Banks would have the onus to raise the balance Rs 1.1 lakh crore from the market. This is because the finance ministry has promised to pump into PSBs Rs 25,000 crore each in FY16 and FY17 and Rs 10,000 crore each in FY18 and FY19. RBI’s move on Tuesday will serve in meeting the capital requirements.
A PhillipCapital report believes this would be a big positive for PSBs as it would evade the risk of huge dilution of equity. “SBI can gain Rs 20,000 crore from revaluation of property, which can add 50 basis points to Tier-1 on account of revaluation reserves only,” it said.
According to new Basel-III norms, which kick in from March 2019, Indian banks need to maintain a minimum capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of nine per cent, in addition to a capital conservation buffer, which would be in the form of common equity at 2.5 per cent of the risk weighted assets. In other words, banks’ minimum CAR must be 11.5 per cent, which is higher than the 9.62 per cent banks are required to currently maintain.
BREATHER FOR BANKS
RBI has eased rules to increase banks' core capital base. Real estate assets, foreign currency assets and deferred tax assets to be counted while calculating Tier-1 capital; but only the discounted value can be taken into account.
This would unlock capital of up to Rs 35,000 crore for PSBs and Rs 5,000 crore for private banks, RBI sources said.
