Having an optimistic mind-set may reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease and early death, a review of studies has found.
In previous studies, optimism has been shown to be associated with a range of favourable physical health outcomes and with greater success in work, school and relationships.
This new meta-analysis, published in JAMA Network Open, included 15 studies that measured optimism and pessimism by asking the level of agreement with such statements as “In uncertain times, I usually expect the best,” or “I rarely expect good things to happen to me.”
Analysis of the 10 studies that looked at heart disease, which pooled