This year, the crisis is waning but caution remains. As sales continue to lag, especially in Southern Europe, the most interesting new models are not sports or luxury cars, but family station wagons, the epitome of practicality.
The most troubled car companies, France's Peugeot SA
As a barometer of Europe's economy, the show's atmosphere has improved in two years - from desperate to downbeat - while the attitudes of Europe's top auto executives reflect much of the market's ambivalence.
"Perhaps a little bit of optimism is justified," said Trevor Mann, Nissan Motor Co Ltd executive vice president. "But I think the recovery generally will be slow (and) we should not get over-enthusiastic."
Austerity, Frivolity
Alfredo Altavilla, chief operating officer of Fiat's Europe, Middle East and African regions, added: "The real answer is that no one has any visibility beyond the quarter. The trend is stabilizing (but) it's too soon to say that it's picking up."
In the absence of CEO Sergio Marchionne, Altavilla was the senior Fiat official at Frankfurt, presiding over a low-key display that featured a seven-passenger derivative of the Fiat 500L MPV as the brand's chief new product. Even Fiat's pricy Ferrari marque, which unveiled the stunning LaFerrari hybrid sports car earlier this year at the Geneva show, could muster only a slightly more powerful variant of its aging 458 series to anchor its Frankfurt stand.
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VW chose to showcase its growing range of electrified vehicles, from the eUp! to the eGolf, adding several new versions of the Golf as well. The German automaker's budget brands, Seat and Skoda, likewise were relatively quiet, as were VW's priciest marques, Lamborghini and Bugatti.
US multinational Ford Motor Co
But two former Ford Europe premium brands - Sweden's Volvo and England's Jaguar - stirred up some attention with concepts that were noteworthy for hinting at a new styling direction for each and for introducing scalable vehicle architectures on which both brands intend to build compact vehicle families over the next several years.
Jaguar, now an affiliate of India's Tata Motors Ltd
One had to look closely to find even a hint of frivolity on the relatively austere displays in Frankfurt. And one could find it in a burst of disparate concept vehicles with a common and often-derided styling element: gullwing doors.
The birdlike portals could be found on Renault SA's
But Karl-Thomas Neumann, hired this year to run GM Europe, sounded cautiously upbeat. "We've seen the first little light at the end of the tunnel," he said. "No one here is expecting any wonders to happen, but I'm relatively confident that we've reached the bottom."