 "China lending inflates real estate, stocks, egg futures")
China is pouring hundreds of billions of dollars into its economy in a new effort to support growth. Some of it is going into roads and bridges and other big projects that will keep the economy humming.
And some of it is going into eggs. China's latest lending deluge has sent money sloshing into unexpected parts of the economy. That includes a financial market in Dalian where investors can place bets on the future productivity of the country's hens. Egg futures have surged by as much as one-third since March, the sort of move that would be justified if investors believed China's chicken flocks were headed for an unfortunate fate. But the market's usual participants say the flocks are fine. In fact, the actual price of eggs in the country's markets has fallen from a year ago, according to government statistics.
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The reason for the unusual jump in egg futures, they say, is China's tendency to experience investment bubbles when the government steps up spending and lending. China's previous efforts to bolster growth unexpectedly sent money into real estate and the stock market - markets that had unexplained rises followed by striking drops.
"Many commodities prices have gone up crazily," said Du Shaoxing, a futures trader in Guangzhou, in southern China. "We surely hope for a more stabilised trend where futures can reflect economic fundamentals. The way in which recent commodity prices went up is worrisome."
China's latest bubble illustrates the potential risks of its newest effort to spur growth. The Chinese economy is already burdened with too much debt, economists say. And sometimes, stopgap measures to help the economy create long-term problems. China is the world's biggest producer of eggs, but it is not clear whether the investment surge in eggs will have an impact on real-world prices. Jumps in the futures prices on commodities markets can take months to trickle down to the real world, and if the commodities surge subsides, then the price of eggs in local markets may not budge.
Eggs are not the only commodity suddenly out of kilter. Domestic prices and trading volumes on steel, garlic, cotton, iron ore and other items have all soared. This despite the fact that China's economic slowdown has hurt demand for many items. Officials at Chinese commodities markets are now taking steps to cool speculative fervour to avoid crashes, and prices have begun to ease.
By mid-April, the frenzy made Shanghai futures contracts in steel rebar, the rods used in construction to reinforce concrete, the most actively traded in the world - overtaking trading volumes of two major oil futures contracts, West Texas Intermediate and Brent crude, that have helped set oil prices for decades, analysts at Citigroup said in a report last week.
"There is very little rational or fundamental basis for why prices have gotten as out of hand as they have, or why volumes are so high, other than just irrational exuberance," said Alex Wolf, an emerging markets economist at Standard Life Investments in Edinburgh, who previously worked as an American diplomat based in Beijing and Taipei.
Economists blame Beijing's new efforts to shore up its economy. Government officials increased lending by state-controlled banks and offered other support measures in the first few months of the year as economic growth slowed and longtime drivers like manufacturing and exports showed continued weakness.
Saad Rahim, the chief economist at Trafigura, one of the world's biggest traders of metals and oil, calculates that China added about $1 trillion in new liquidity in the first quarter of the year - an amount that would be roughly equal to the entire quarterly economic output of Germany during the same period. "This kind of scale is unprecedented and some of it will leak into speculative investments," Rahim said. In the short term, the new lending may be good news for global growth, if it works. China's first-quarter growth came in at 6.7 per cent, about where economists had expected, despite some indications that growth had weakened further.
But in turning to its old playbook, China risks adding to its already fast-growing pile of debt, which by some estimates is nearly 300 per cent of gross domestic product.
The problems are most acute when it comes to China's corporate borrowers, which have gorged on cheap credit in the years since the global financial crisis. In a report released in April, the International Monetary Fund found that nearly 600 companies had almost $400 billion of debt that was considered at risk, accounting for 14 percent of total corporate borrowing in China.
But the renewed push for credit-fueled growth shows that policy makers' concerns about China's debt burden appear to have been set aside for now. By delaying efforts to wean itself off cheap credit, China may be setting itself up for some problems related to debt and industrial overcapacity.
There are few places for China's money to go. The country has tightened already stringent limits on how much money its people can send or invest abroad. Its stock market is still recovering from a crash last year. And its property market remains saddled with a glut of apartments in many cities.
A property market bubble arose from the huge stimulus that Beijing deployed after the 2008 financial crisis, which set off a building boom.
Stocks overtook property in investor interest last year. A raging bull market that was cheered on by official news outlets like People's Daily, the Communist Party's newspaper, skidded to a halt in June.
As for eggs, Chen Jie, who works in the futures department at Hubei Shendan Healthy Food, the biggest egg company in China, said in a phone interview that "there is definitely speculative capital in the market."
Her company supplies eggs to KFC and McDonald's restaurants, and sells them at more than 10,000 supermarkets across China, including those of chains like Walmart, Carrefour and Metro.
Hubei Shendan uses the futures market to hedge its bets against swings in actual egg prices. An abnormally volatile futures market makes that job more difficult.
"The reason we are in the egg futures market is because the big swings in egg prices will affect our profitability, and a good futures market will help us in that regard," Ms. Chen said.
©2016 The New York Times News Service
