To understand why it is so difficult to defend computers from even moderately capable hackers, consider the case of the security flaw officially known as CVE-2017-0199.
The bug was unusually dangerous but of a common genre: It was in Microsoft software, could allow a hacker to seize control of a personal computer with little trace, and was fixed April 11 in Microsoft's regular monthly security update.
But it had travelled a rocky, nine-month journey from discovery to resolution, which cyber security experts say is an unusually long time.
Google's security researchers, for example, give vendors just 90 days' warning before publishing flaws they