Shares in Manchester United Ltd
Manchester United sold 16.7 million shares at a price of $14 each, below the expected range of $16 to $20, and shares closed unchanged.
The stock never dipped below $14, held mostly in a five-cent range and saw volume thin sharply after early trading. One IPO expert said the team may have made a serious miscalculation about the support it would receive.
"They overestimated the willingness of the fan base to go buy the stock. So it's kind of sitting there right now," said Francis Gaskins, editor of IPOdesktop.com. "If they don't have any buyers now at this price, why would they have any buyers (next week)."
A mystery to most Americans but a household name in most of the world, the club listed on a U.S. exchange after pulling a planned IPO in Singapore earlier this year. Finance experts expressed some wonder that the offering went off at all, given a share structure that lets the team's owners retain control.
"It's surprising to me that they got it away given the structure. The ownership structure seems inappropriate to me for this sort of company. I don't see much in it for the outside investor who has no control," said Tim Jenkinson, a professor of finance at the Saïd Business School, University of Oxford.
Following the offering, Manchester United will have a dual-class share structure that will leave its owners, the Florida-based Glazer family, with 98.7 percent of the voting power, according to regulatory filings.
CASH FOR PLAYERS
The offering valued the 19-time English champions at $2.3 billion. The $233 million ultimately raised in the IPO will be split equally between the 134-year-old club and the Glazers, owners of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers NFL team.
Two of family patriarch Malcolm Glazer's sons rang the opening bell on the New York Stock Exchange to start trading, while two were on the trading floor -- surrounded by traders standing on Astroturf and wearing Manchester United uniforms.
The loss of as much as $50 million in expected proceeds for the club will be a blow as it copes with a debt burden and the club seeks to buy new players, who cost tens of millions of dollars each.
But one of the club's top officials denied that there was any shortage of cash for player transfers.
"Clearly if you look at where we are today in terms of the cash generative nature of the business and even more so contractually going forward, we have huge firepower in the transfer market," said Ed Woodward, vice chairman of Manchester United, in an interview.
LEVERAGED BUYOUT
United had debt of 423 million pounds at the end of March, which the executive said was its lowest in years and also low relative to peers.
Some fans argue that the cost of the debt has forced up ticket prices for the club, which draws sellout crowds of around 76,000 at its Old Trafford Stadium and claims 659 million followers across the world.
A group of United fans who are campaigning for greater involvement in the ownership of the club jeered the Glazers.
"It would seem all the analysis of the true valuation was correct; the Glazers and their advisers were being far too ambitious - or perhaps greedy - and the true value of the shares should be around $10 rather than the $20 the Glazers were seeking," said Duncan Drasdo, chief executive of the Manchester United Supporters Trust (MUST).
MUST is calling for the Glazers to sell and allow fans to play a greater role in the club's ownership, as well as for a boycott of sponsors. United's commercial appeal was underlined last week when it signed a $559 million deal with GM
The Glazers bought United for 790 million pounds in a highly leveraged deal in 2005, taking it private after 14 years on the London Stock Exchange. Malcolm Glazer has been ill after a 2006 stroke, and his six children sit on the team's board.
"There are six siblings, and if one of them wanted to do something small then they can. But I think they are committed long term. All six want to stay involved," Woodward said.
RISKY BET
United suffered a rare barren season last year, losing their Premier League title to rival Manchester City, whose owner, a member of Abu Dhabi's ruling family, has pumped 800 million pounds into reviving what had long been United's poor relation.
Yet Forbes still ranks United as the world's most valuable sports team by a wide margin. But with so much tied to winning games, soccer clubs are an inherently risky investment.
"I didn't even look at it. I would never, ever invest in a football club," said the head of UK equities at an investment house running around 100 billion pounds in assets.
Italian champions Juventus
But as one consultant noted, the ultimate goal of a sports team is not to be a good business, but to win trophies.
"If there is one club to invest in it would be Manchester United, but being the best economically among your peers may not be enough," said Emmanuel Hembert of consultancy A.T. Kearney.
