 "Oil")
Oil demand from Asia's biggest importers, China and India, is growing more slowly than expected, exposing weakness in two of the world's largest economies and eroding a key pillar of global petroleum prices amid trade tensions.
The two countries buy a combined 12 per cent of the world's oil, and their growth has helped drive the recovery in oil prices since 2016.
Yet their shipped imports in July were about half a million barrels per day (bpd) below their Jaunary-June average of 12.4 million bpd, shipping data shows.
That has dragged down demand growth in Asia, despite inflated purchases ahead of US sanctions on Iran and increased imports from Japan and South Korea as they struggle with record-setting heat waves.
Shipping data shows annualised growth in demand from Asia's five largest oil importers - China, India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan - fell from more than 3.5 per cent in 2016 to around 2 per cent so far this year.
"Everything is weakening, but from a pretty elevated level," said Jeff Brown, president of energy consultancy FGE.
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Traders expect growth to slow further as the Iran sanctions take hold, the trade spat between the United States and China escalates, and as Asia's emerging markets show signs of cooling.
"Any further escalation in the trade conflict between them is clearly an important downside risk and could lead to a further slowdown in oil demand growth for 2019, leading to a downward pressure on oil prices," said Sushant Gupta, research director at energy consultancy Wood Mackenzie.
Renewed US sanctions against major oil exporter Iran, which from November will target the petroleum sector, are expected to disrupt the market.
Iran's oil exports peaked at almost 3 million bpd in May this year, but they have since fallen to around 2 million bpd as Asian buyers, including Japan, South Korea and India, began to shun its crude ahead of the sanctions.
Slow to show
The effects of the economic slowdown will take time to manifest, but analysts say investors are already becoming cautious.
China's investment growth in the first seven months of the year slowed to a record low of 5.5 per cent, data showed this week.
Charters of super-tankers from the Middle East, on which Asia heavily relies to meet its oil demand, are dipping, according to ship brokerage Banchero Costa.
"If you look at pure economic figures, the impact of the tariff disputes is still quite small, perhaps 0.5 per cent of GDP growth. But the impact on investment mood is starting to show," Brown said.
World trade volume growth peaked in January at almost 5.7 per cent year-on-year, but fell to less than 3 per cent by May, according to the Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
Trade tensions with the US have weakened currencies in emerging markets as investors pull cash out of countries like India and China and convert it to US dollars, which are still seen as a safe haven.
Weaker currencies in Asia and tariff-suppressed trade slows economic growth, reduces purchasing power, and eventually hits fuel demand.
Although Brent crude oil has become about 8 per cent more expensive this year in dollars, the price increase has been 14 per cent in China's renminbi and more than 18 per cent in Indian rupees.
"The high crude prices appear to have been taking a toll on demand," said Sukrit Vijayakar, Director of Indian oil consultancy Trifecta.
Japan and South Korea, where summer consumption was bumped up by an unusual heat wave, jointly imported around 6.3 million bpd of crude in July, compared with an average of 6 million bpd in the first half of the year.
Australia, another rich economy in the region, has also seen strong demand, importing some 370,000 bpd in July, up from an average of 333,000 bpd in the first half of the year.
But the increases matter little when weighed against China's tanker imports, which fell from more than 8 million bpd during January and June to about 7.3 million bpd in July.
Shipping data suggests July oil imports into China, India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan were around 19 million bpd.
Although that's slightly above June, it's below the figures for April and May. It's also some way off a record of more than 20 million bpd from April 2016.
Should the global economic outlook darken further amid trade disputes and emerging market turmoil, oil demand in Asia could worsen.
"When you have all these factors like tariff disputes and weakening emerging market currencies, it's going to hurt sentiment," said FGE's Brown.
