 "Ukraine, Kyiv")
On the streets of Kyiv, Fyodor Dostoevsky is on the way out. Andy Warhol is on the way in.
Ukraine is accelerating efforts to erase the vestiges of Soviet and Russian influence from its public spaces by pulling down monuments and renaming hundreds of streets to honour its own artists, poets, soldiers, independence leaders and others including heroes of this year's war.
Following Moscow's invasion on Feb. 24 that has killed or injured untold numbers of civilians and soldiers and pummeled buildings and infrastructure, Ukraine's leaders have shifted a campaign that once focused on dismantling its Communist past into one of de-Russification.
Streets that honoured revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin or the Bolshevik Revolution were largely already gone; now Russia, not Soviet legacy, is the enemy.
It's part punishment for crimes meted out by Russia, and part affirmation of a national identity by honouring Ukrainian notables who have been mostly overlooked.
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Russia, through the Soviet Union, is seen by many in Ukraine as having stamped its domination of its smaller southwestern neighbour for generations, consigning its artists, poets and military heroes to relative obscurity, compared with more famous Russians.
If victors write history, as some say, Ukrainians are doing some rewriting of their own even as their fate hangs in the balance.
Their national identity is having what may be an unprecedented surge, in ways large and small.
President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has taken to wearing a black T-shirt that says: I'm Ukrainian.
He is among the many Ukrainians who were born speaking Russian as a first language. Now, they shun it or at least limit their use of it.
Ukrainian has traditionally been spoken more in the western part of the country a region that early on shunned Russian and Soviet imagery.
Large parts of northern, eastern and central Ukraine are making that linguistic change.
The eastern city of Dnipro on Friday pulled down a bust of Alexander Pushkin like Dostoevsky, a giant of 19th century Russian literature.
A strap from a crane was unceremoniously looped under the statue's chin.
This month, Kyiv Mayor Vitali Klitschko announced about 30 more streets in the capital will be rechristened.
Volodymyr Prokopiv, deputy head of the Kyiv City Council, said Ukraine's de-Communisation policy since 2015 had been applied in a soft way so as not to offend sensitivities among the country's Russian-speaking and even pro-Moscow population.
With the war, everything changed. Now the Russian lobby is now powerless in fact, it doesn't exist, Prokopiv said in an interview with The Associated Press in his office overlooking Khreschatik Street, the capital's main thoroughfare.
Renaming these streets is like erasing the propaganda that the Soviet Union imposed on Ukraine.
During the war, the Russians have also sought to stamp their culture and domination in areas they have occupied.
Andrew Wilson, a professor at University College London, cautioned about "the dangers in rewriting the periods in history where Ukrainians and Russians did cooperate and build things together: I think the whole point about de-imperialising Russian culture should be to specify where we have previously been blind often in the West.
Wilson noted that the Ukrainians "are taking a pretty broad-brush approach.
He cited Pushkin, the 19th century Russian writer, who might understandably rankle some Ukrainians.
To them, for example, the Cossacks a Slavic people in eastern Europe mean freedom, whereas Pushkin depicts them as cruel, barbarous, antiquated.
And in need of Russian civilization, said Wilson, whose book "The Ukrainians was recently published in its fifth edition.
In its programme, Kyiv conducted an online survey, and received 280,000 suggestions in a single day, Prokopiv said.
Then, an expert group sifted through the responses, and municipal officials and street residents give a final stamp of approval.
Under the de-Communisation programme, about 200 streets were renamed in Kyiv before this year.
In 2022 alone, that same number of streets have been renamed and another 100 are scheduled to get renamed soon, Prokopiv said.
A street named for philosopher Friedrich Engels will honour Ukrainian avant-garde poet Bohdan-Ihor Antonych.
A boulevard whose name translates as Friendship of Peoples an allusion to the diverse ethnicities under the USSR will honour Mykola Mikhnovsky, an early proponent of Ukrainian independence.
Another street recognises the Heroes of Mariupol fighters who held out for months against a devastating Russian campaign in that Sea of Azov port city that eventually fell.
A street named for the Russian city of Volgograd is now called Roman Ratushnyi Street in honour of a 24-year-old civic and environmental activist who was killed in the war.
A small street in northern Kyiv still bears Dostoevsky's name but soon will be named for Warhol, the late Pop Art visionary from the United States whose parents had family roots in Slovakia, across Ukraine's western border.
Valeriy Sholomitsky, who has lived on Dostoevsky Street for nearly 40 years, said he could go either way.
We have under 20 houses here. That's very few, Sholomitsky said as he shovelled snow off the street in front of a fading address sign bearing the name of the Russian writer.
He said Warhol was our artist with heritage in eastern Europe:
Now, it will be even better, he said.
Maybe it is right that we are changing many streets now, because we used to name them incorrectly, he added.
(Only the headline and picture of this report may have been reworked by the Business Standard staff; the rest of the content is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)
