)
The United States and Russia have reached an agreement that calls for Syria’s arsenal of chemical weapons to be removed or destroyed by the middle of 2014, Secretary of State John Kerry said on Saturday.
Under a “framework” agreement, international inspectors must be on the ground in Syria by November, Kerry said, speaking at a news conference with the Russian Foreign Minister, Sergey V Lavrov.
Under the agreement, Syria must submit a “comprehensive listing” of its chemical weapons stockpiles within a week.
American and Russian officials also reached a consensus on the size of Syria’s stockpile, an essential prerequisite to any international plan to control and dismantle the weapons. “If fully implemented,” Kerry said, “this framework can provide greater protection and security to the world.”
If President Bashar al-Assad of Syria fails to comply with the agreement, the issue will be referred to the United Nations Security Council. Kerry said any violations would then be taken up under Chapter 7 of the United Nations Charter, which authorises punitive action. But Lavrov made clear that Russia, which wields a veto in the Security Council, had not withdrawn its objections to the use of force.
The joint announcement, which took place on the third day of intensive talks here, eased the United States’ confrontation with Syria. Arms control officials on both sides worked into the night, a process that recalled the treaty negotiations during the cold war.
The issue of removing Syria’s chemical arms broke into the open on Monday when Kerry, in a news conference in London, posed the question as to whether Assad could rapidly be disarmed only to state that he did not see how it could be done.
“He could turn over every single bit of his chemical weapons to the international community in the next week. Turn it over, all of it, without delay, and allow a full and total accounting for that,” Kerry said. “But he isn’t about to do it, and it can’t be done, obviously.” Now, however, what once seemed impossible has become the plan — one that will depend on Assad’s cooperation and that will need to be put in place in the middle of a civil war.
Kerry and Lavrov had a series of meeting on Friday, including a session that ended at midnight. On Saturday morning, the two sides reconvened with their arms controls experts on the hotel pool deck, sitting under a white umbrella drinking coffee as they poured over the text of the agreement. Before the news conference, Lavrov said that he had not spoken with Syrian officials while he was negotiating in Geneva. Obama administration officials have argued that the Russia’s role was essential since it has been a major backer of the Assad government.
Entitled “Framework For Elimination of Syrian Chemical Weapons,” the agreement is four pages long, including its technical annexes. The agreement, which outlines procedures for “expeditious destruction of the Syrian chemical weapons programme and stringent verification,” says that the United States and Russia will submit a plan in the next several days to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, which oversees compliance with the chemical weapons accord.
In his weekly address before the deal was announced, President Obama called the Russian peace initiative and subsequent discussions “positive developments” that could ultimately avert an American military strike in retaliation for a gas attack that the United States estimated killed more than 1,400 last month and blamed on the government of Assad.
“If the current discussions produce a serious plan, I’m prepared to move forward with it,” Obama said in his weekly radio and Internet address. “But we are not just going to take Russia and Assad’s word for it. We need to see concrete actions to demonstrate that Assad is serious about giving up his chemical weapons.” Just to be sure, he said he would keep American destroyers and other forces in the region for a possible punitive strike.
A significant sign of movement came Friday when the Obama administration effectively took force off the table in discussions over the shape of a Security Council resolution governing any deal with Syria. Although Obama reserved the right to order an American military strike without the United Nations’ backing if Syria reneges on its commitments, senior officials said he understood that Russia would never allow a Security Council resolution authorising force.
As a strategic matter, that statement simply acknowledged the reality on the Security Council, where Russia wields a veto and has vowed to block any military action against Syria, its ally. But Obama’s decision to concede the point early in talks underscored his desire to forge a workable diplomatic compromise and avoid a strike that would be deeply unpopular at home. It came just days after France, his strongest supporter on Syria, proposed a resolution that included a threat of military action.
Instead, Obama will insist that any Security Council resolution build in other measures to enforce a deal with the government of President Bashar al-Assad, possibly including sanctions or other penalties, according to officials who requested anonymity in order to discuss negotiations candidly. The president would not agree to Syria’s demand to renounce any use of force, said the officials, who argued that it was the threat of force that had brought Moscow and Damascus to the negotiating table.
The two sides meeting in Geneva focused their discussions on how Syria might work with the international organisation that oversees compliance with the Chemical Weapons Convention, which Syria has agreed to sign.
© 2013 The New York Times News Service
