The Commerce Department said gross domestic product expanded at a 2.5 percent rate, increasing from 0.4 percent in the fourth quarter but shy of estimates for growth of 3 percent.
The data could raise doubts about the ability of the economy to absorb government spending cuts and higher taxes, and may fuel speculation on the possibility of more Federal Reserve measures to boost growth, or at least keep its current stimulus plans in place.
"What we are going to do is just average the fourth quarter and the first quarter and take a look and see the economy is growing way underneath its potential growth rate which keeps the Fed in play to do more quantitative easing," said John Canally, investment strategist and economist for LPL Financial in Boston.
"The market has been rallying on the fact the ECB might actually start to do something; if the U.S. market reacts in the same way, that might get the market rallying. If not and they think the Fed's hands are tied, the market might sell off."
The Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan's final reading on the overall index on consumer sentiment fell to 76.4 from 78.6 in March, although it topped economists' expectations for 73.2 and improved upon the preliminary April reading of 72.3.
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The Dow Jones industrial average <.DJI> gained 32.33 points, or 0.22 percent, to 14,733.13. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index <.SPX> shed 0.66 points, or 0.04 percent, to 1,584.50. The Nasdaq Composite Index <.IXIC> lost 8.17 points, or 0.25 percent, to 3,281.81.
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The PHLX housing sector index <.HGX> gained 1.3 percent and was on track for its sixth consecutive advance, getting a lift from D.R. Horton Inc
D.R. Horton shares jumped 7.3 percent to $26.31 while Weyerhaeuser gained 0.8 percent to $31.63.
According to Thomson Reuters data through Thursday morning, of the 235 companies in the S&P 500 that have reported earnings to date for Q1 2013, 67.7 percent have reported earnings above analysts' expectations, above the 63 percent average since 1994 and slightly above the 67 percent beat rate over the past four quarters.
However, revenue has been lackluster, with only 41.4 percent having topped analyst forecasts, well below the 62 percent average since 2002 and the 52 percent beat rate for the last four quarters.
Analysts now see earnings growth of 3.6 percent this quarter, up from expectations of 1.5 percent at the start of the month.