Fair skinned people are known to be at higher risk for skin cancer and other problems associated with too much exposure to the sun, but experts say people of color also are vulnerable to the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) rays emitted by the sun and indoor tanning beds.
Darker skin has more pigment-making cells, which provide some inherent protection against UV rays, but not enough, said Adam Friedman, M.D., director of dermatologic research, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center.
"This unique biological difference means harmful effects of UV exposure occur more slowly in people of color, but UV rays are still damaging and can cause cosmetic problems and serious conditions like skin cance," Friedman stated.
Dr. Friedman was among the nationally recognized skincare experts invited to speak at the 5th annual Skin of Color Seminar, a medical symposium focusing on the top dermatologic issues for patients of color.
Dr. Friedman's presentation focused on sun protection for skin of color. He has shared some important information for patients to keep in mind:
He noted that while skin cancer is rarer in people of color, it does occur and can be extremely serious when diagnosis is delayed. For example, melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer, is 20 times more common in whites than in African Americans, but people with darker skin are at greater risk of late diagnosis with advanced, thicker melanomas and lower survival rates.
"I advise all my patients to routinely check their own skin for any changes in appearance and to see a dermatologist annually for a full body exam. Early detection is key and can literally help save your life," Dr. Friedman said.
Traditional sunscreens, especially those containing mineral-based agents like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, do not blend well when used on darker skin and can leave a white, chalky appearance. Fortunately, new formulations are available.
People should use SPF 30 broad-spectrum sunscreen products that contain either "micronized" or "nanosized" (meaning small) particles of zinc oxide or titanium dioxide because they blend well into the skin and are highly effective at blocking UV radiation.
People often say they avoid sunscreen because it prevents them from getting vitamin D from the sun, which they believe is the best source. While vitamin D is very important, getting it from harmful UV radiation is not the way to go. Remaining vigilant about sun exposure is a must, especially during peak hours between 10 AM and 2 PM.
"You can enjoy the best of both worlds - use sunscreen when you spend time outdoors and take a vitamin D supplement, which is a very effective way to get adequate daily intake," Dr. Friedman said.
"Sunscreen alone is not enough to protect you from skin cancer. I encourage all my patients to seek shade, and wear hats, sunglasses and protective clothing," he said.
Sunscreen ingredients become ineffective over time, so make sure the products are current.
"Sunscreens have expiration dates, so throw away any products if you question when they were purchased," he stated.
