People who walk slowly at 45 have older brains, bodies: Study

Walking slowly could be a sign to identify how quickly your brain and body are likely to age, suggests a study.

Slower walkers were shown to have "accelerated aging" on a 19-measure scale devised by researchers, and their lungs, teeth and immune systems tended to be in worse shape than the people who walked faster.

"The thing that's really striking is that this is in 45-year-old people, not the geriatric patients who are usually assessed with such measures," said lead researcher Line JH Rasmussen, a post-doctoral researcher in the Duke University's Department of Psychology and Neuroscience.

Equally striking, neurocognitive testing that these individuals took as children could predict who would become the slower walkers.

 

At the age of three, their scores on IQ, understanding language, frustration tolerance, motor skills, and emotional control predicted their walking speed at age 45.

"Doctors know that slow walkers in their seventies and eighties tend to die sooner than fast walkers their same age," said senior author Terrie E Moffitt, the Nannerl O Keohane University Professor of Psychology at Duke University, and Professor of Social Development at King's College London.

"But this study covered the period from the preschool years to midlife, and found that a slow walk is a problem sign decades before old age," added Prof Moffitt.

The data come from a long-term study of nearly 1,000 people who were born during a single year in Dunedin, New Zealand, reported the study published in -- JAMA Network Open.

MRI examinations during their last assessment showed the slower walkers tended to have lower total brain volume, lower mean cortical thickness, less brain surface area and higher incidence of white matter "hyperintensities," small lesions associated with small vessel disease of the brain. In short, their brains appeared somewhat older.

Adding insult to injury perhaps, the slower walkers also looked older to a panel of eight screeners who assessed each participant's 'facial age' from a photograph.

Gait speed has long been used as a measure of health and aging in geriatric patients, but what's new in this study is the relative youth of these study subjects and the ability to see how walking speed matches up with health measures the study has collected during their lives.

"It's a shame we don't have gait speed and brain imaging for them as children," Rasmussen said. (The MRI was invented when they were five, but was not given to children for many years after.)

Some of the differences in health and cognition may be tied to lifestyle choices these individuals have made. But the study also suggests that there are already signs in the early life of who would become the slowest walkers, Rasmussen said.

"We may have a chance here to see who's going to do better health-wise in later life," he added.