Study finds cancer causes premature ageing

A new study, from the University of East Anglia, now finds that leukaemia promotes premature ageing in healthy bone marrow cells.

The findings, published on Wednesday, in the journal Blood show that healthy bone marrow cells were prematurely aged by cancer cells around them.

While it is already known that ageing promotes cancer development, this is the first time that the reverse has been shown to be true.

The study found that the aged bone marrow cells accelerated the growth and development of the leukaemia - creating a vicious cycle that fuels the disease.

The research was led by Dr Stuart Rushworth from UEA's Norwich Medical School, in collaboration with the Earlham Institute and the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (UK) and the Buck Institute for Research on Ageing in California. It was funded by the Rosetrees Trust and Norfolk's Big C Charity.

 

The researchers also found the mechanism by which this process of premature ageing occurs in the bone marrow of leukaemia patients and highlights the potential impact this could have on future treatments.

Speaking about it, Dr Rushworth said, "Our results provide evidence that cancer causes ageing. We have clearly shown that the cancer cell itself drives the ageing process in the neighbouring non-cancer cells."

He further added, "Our research reveals that leukaemia uses this biological phenomenon to its advantage to accelerate the disease."

The researchers found that NOX2, an enzyme usually involved in the body's response to infection, was shown to be present in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells - and this was found to be responsible for creating the ageing conditions.

The research team established that the NOX2 enzyme generates superoxide which drives the ageing process. By inhibiting NOX2, researchers showed the reduction in aged neighbouring non-malignant cells resulted in slower cancer growth.

Dr Rushworth added, "It was not previously known that leukaemia induces ageing of the local non cancer environment. We hope that this biological function can be exploited in future, paving the way for new drugs.