Toshiba has launched an artificial photosynthesis technology at the 2014 International Conference in Awaji Yumebutai.
The solar energy is used to generate carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water, and to deliver a viable chemical feedstock or fuel with potential for industrial purpose.
The atmospheric concentration of carbon-dioxide is the major cause of global warming. Exhaustion of fossil fuels is another reason of using renewable resources. Artificial photosynthesis technologies that use solar energy to generate carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water will help in resolving both the issues.
Toshiba has developed an artificial photosynthesis technology that converts solar energy into carbon compounds from carbon dioxide at an efficiency of 1.5 percent, the highest level yet recorded.
Sunlight converts the carbon dioxide and water into carbon monoxide, a source for production of methanol, which can be used as a substitute for gasoline and as a feedstock in the manufacture of diverse products, including adhesives, medicines and PET bottles.
Other artificial photosynthesis technologies use materials that absorb UV light from sunlight to reach the high reaction energy required to convert carbon dioxide into a fuel.
However, their low level of light utilization efficiency drags down the energy conversion efficiency, and practical application requires increased efficiency.
Toshiba's technology uses a gold nanocatalyst via nanoscale structural control technology applied to a multi junction semiconductor that absorbs light in the visible range with high light utilization efficiency. The company's research work centered on investigating manufacturing conditions for the nanometer-order gold nanocatalyst, in order to increase the number of active sites that convert carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, and the development of an efficient electrolyte.
The long-term goal of the research work is to develop a technology compatible with carbon dioxide capture systems installed at facilities such as thermal power stations and factories, utilizing carbon dioxide to provide stockable and trailer able energy. Towards this, Toshiba will further improve the conversion efficiency by increasing catalytic activity, with the aim of securing practical implementation in the 2020s.
