A new study has found that moderate weekly consumption of alcohol by healthy young men can make their sperm quality poor.
The findings were based on 1221 Danish men between the ages of 18 and 28, all of whom underwent a medical examination to assess their fitness for military service, which is compulsory in Denmark, between 2008 and 2012.
As part of their assessment, the military recruits were asked how much alcohol they drank in the week before their medical exam (recent drinking); whether this was typical (habitual); and how often they binge drank, defined as more than 5 units in one sitting, and had been drunk in the preceding month.
They were also invited to provide a semen sample to check on the quality of their sperm, and a blood sample to check on their levels of reproductive hormones.
The average number of units drunk in the preceding week was 11. Almost two thirds (64 percent) had binge drunk, while around six out of 10 (59 percent) said they had been drunk more than twice, during the preceding month.
The analysis showed that after taking account of various influential factors, there was no strong link between sperm quality and either recent alcohol consumption or binge drinking in the preceding month. But drinking alcohol in the preceding week was linked to changes in reproductive hormone levels, with the effects increasingly more noticeable the higher the tally of units.
Almost half (45 percent, 553) of the men said that the quantity of alcohol they drank in the preceding week was typical of their weekly consumption.
And in this group the higher the tally of weekly units, the lower was the sperm quality, in terms of total sperm count and the proportion of sperm that were of normal size and shape, after taking account of influential factors.
The effects were evident from 5+ units a week upwards, but most apparent among those who drank 25 or more units every week.
And total sperm counts were 33 percent lower, and the proportion of normal-looking sperm 51 percent lower, among those knocking back 40 units a week compared with those drinking 1-5.
Habitual drinking was associated with changes in reproductive hormone levels, although not as strongly as recent drinking, while abstinence was also linked to poorer sperm quality.
This was an observational study, so no definitive conclusions could be drawn about cause and effect. And the researchers point out that the findings could be the result of reverse causation, whereby men with poor quality sperm have an unhealthier lifestyle and behaviours to start with.
