The National Institution for Transforming India, or NITI Aayog, was envisioned as a replacement for the erstwhile Planning Commission. Its foundation was meant to be a concrete statement of India’s emergence from the age of planning, a phenomenon underlined by the abandonment of the old Plan/non-Plan distinction in government expenditure starting with this year’s Budget. However, given that the last Five-Year Plan has come to an end, there was a need for an overall policy document that provided comprehensive guidance to various ministries and departments at the Centre, and so the NITI Aayog has published a “three-year Action Agenda”. The