The ambitious Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC), which has been launched in five pilot cities, could completely transform e-commerce in India. Like the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), the ONDC is developing an open digital network with an architecture designed to let all types of e-retail apps and platforms “talk” to each other in the same way that the UPI allows every payment app to seamlessly transfer funds. The ONDC has many implications for the digital ecosystem and its data flow. While it could flatten access for buyers and sellers, there could also be concern about data management and data